Formula
To add tax: gross = net x (1 + rate / 100). To remove tax: net = gross / (1 + rate / 100).
Limitations
VAT and sales tax rules vary by country, region, seller, customer type and product category. Use the applicable rate from an official source or professional guidance.
References
- Your Europe: VAT rules and rates, accessed 2026-05-13.
- European Commission: VAT for businesses, accessed 2026-05-13.
Last reviewed: 2026-05-13