Why real downloads vary
Advertised internet speed is usually measured in bits per second, while file sizes are usually shown in bytes. Wi-Fi signal, server throttling, VPNs, TCP slow start, packet loss and competing devices can all reduce real throughput.
Example
A 5 GB file contains about 40 gigabits. On an effective 90 Mbps connection after overhead, the estimated download time is about 444 seconds, or roughly 7 minutes and 24 seconds.
Common mistakes
Do not compare GB directly with Mbps without converting bytes to bits. Also remember that a 100 Mbps internet plan rarely delivers 100 Mbps to every transfer all the time.
Limitations
This is a transfer-time estimate, not a network diagnostic. It does not model server throttling, Wi-Fi interference, packet loss, storage speed or simultaneous household use.
Last reviewed: 2026-05-17